Newton (1642 - 1727)

His discovery probably would not have resulted if it was not for the Great Plague, which forced the closing of Cambridge University. The young Newton moved back to his family in Northern England, which sparked of his line of discoveries. Among them were the differential and integral calculus; binomial series for negative and fractional exponents; universal gravitation as the key to the mechanism of the solar system; and the resolution of sunlight into the visual spectrum by means of a prism. What we call as differential and integral calculus, he called it " the direct and inverse method of fluxions. " He had no urge to publish his ideas and it only came out into the public because of his friends’ persistent persuasion. All these ideas flourished when he was at a tender age of only 22 and 23. Later in life, he moved on to theology and alchemy. He finally moved to London and became Master of the Mint. He was success in stabilizing the British pound and apprehending numerous counterfeiters earned him his knighthood. After his death, the whole nation mourned for a man who created modern physical science which applies till today.

Leibniz (1646 – 1716)

Probably the only man to rival Newton in his time, he is famous as a mathematician and a philosopher. He was a lawyer, diplomat, historian, librarian, landscape architect, physicist, geologist, logician, theologian, economist, and much else. Without his researches as historian and genealogist, George Louis of Hanover would never have become George I, the first German King of England. He was also described as the greatest librarian that ever lived. He founded the Berlin Academy of Sciences and also Acta Eruditorum. He made many contributions to the developments of the calculus and introduced the basic notations dy/dx and ydx .

Riemann ( 1826 – 1866 )